Effects of template type on the catalytic performance of SAPO-34 catalyst in conversion of methanol to light olefins (MTO) have been investigated. SAPO34 molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal method, using morpholine tetraethyl ammonium HYDROXIDE and dipropylamine as the template in the synthesis of gel with molar composition of Al2O3: P2O5: SiO2: template: H2O being 1:1:0.6:2:50, respectively. The produced samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD and TGA-DTA techniques. These results showed that template type affects crystal size, morphology, crystallinity and purity of samples. It was found that the average SAPO-34 crystal size increased when morpholine was used as the template. Conversion of methanol to light olefins using acidic SAPO34 as the reaction catalyst was studied in a fixed bed reactor in the temperature range of 250–450oC, atmospheric pressure and WHSV=1 hr-1. Although all the catalysts showed similar activity and product distribution, the catalyst obtained using morpholine as the template, had the shortest lifetime.

In this paper, we aim to report the effects of catalyst (types and concentrations) on the fracture mechanics of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) based thermosets. ESO resin was thermally cured using methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride curing agent in the presence of two types of catalysts, i.e., TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM bromide and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI). The loading of the catalysts varied from 0.3 to 0.8 phr. The fracture behaviour of ESO thermoset was examined on the basis of the principle of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and essential work of fracture (EWF). LEFM measurements were performed using single-edge notched tensile and double-edge notched tensile (DENT) tests, while, EWF measurements were carried out using DENT tests. The fracture morphologies of the ESO thermosets were characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the plane-strain fracture toughness (K IC), the specific EWF (w e), and the specific plastic fracture work (bw p) of ESO thermosets were significantly influenced by the types and loading of catalysts. In addition, the fracture toughness properties were associated with the crosslink density of the ESO thermosets. In addition, it was found that the brittle–ductile transition of EMI-catalyzed ESO thermosets can be assessed by the combination of LEFM and EWF in the fracture toughness measurement.

Background: Nuclease and caspase activities that promote death signals and cause apoptosis are dependent to potassium ion.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potassium channel blocker TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM (TEA) on prevention of Parkinson's disease in rats.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 33 male rats in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 2014.6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into the striatum of the brain. The rats received different doses of TEA twice daily the day before the 6-OHDA injection till 15 days after the injection. The severity of Parkinsonism was assessed by the apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, the elevated body swing test (EBST), and the rotarod test. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests.Findings: Pretreatment with 5 mg/kg TEA significantly reduced the severity of rotations compared to the saline group. TEA did not reduce the swings in the EBST. In the rotarod test, TEA caused significant improvement in the motor performance of the rats.Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that pretreatment with TEA can partly reduce the severity of behavioral symptoms in the 6-OHDA-induced chronic Parkinson's disease. The higher the TEA dose, the more significant the reduction in the severity of symptoms.

This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using magnesium HYDROXIDE as an alternative for sodium HYDROXIDE in deinking of newsprint and magazine mixture. The old newsprint and magazine mixture (ONP/OMG -70/30) was treated by magnesium HYDROXIDE at three levels: 1, 1.5 and 2 percent (based on oven dried pulp weight), for 20 min. Optical and mechanical properties and effluent COD load were compared to those of control and NaOH treated samples. Results showed that effluent COD load of Mg (OH)2 chemical treatments was less than that of NaOH treatment. Also, results indicated that 1.5% Mg (OH)2 treatment, which was done in pulp deinking, had better results compared to other treatments and also NaOH treatment. In the other words, it is the best treatment for both optical and mechanical properties. Thus, substitution of sodium HYDROXIDE by magnesium HYDROXIDE for deinking of newsprint and magazine wastepaper suggested.

Background: The permeability feature of conventional calcium HYDROXIDE (CH) and nanoparticle CH (NCH) was compared to show the desired effects of this new material and in case of confirmation of its other properties; CH can be used as a safe alternative. Materials and Methods: This in vitro was carried out in two phases: First phase: measurement and comparison of the permeability rate of conventional CH and NCH in the dentinal tubules employing a fluorescence microscope were carried out. Second phase: measurement and comparison of the permeability rate of NCH and conventional CH in L929 fibroblast cells using a fluorescence microscope were carried out. Kruskal– Wallis analysis was used for overall comparisons. A series of Mann– Whitney U tests were used for pair‑ wise comparisons (P < 0. 05). Results: Based on the results of Kruskal– Wallis test, in all three regions of the cervical third, middle third, and apical third of the root, mean values of the percentage difference of the fluorescence and color change in NCH were more than the conventional CH, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 001). the percentage of fluorescence color change in drug with the concentration of 1 g/cc was more than the one with the concentration of 0. 1 g/cc and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: The nanoparticle drug compared with the conventional drug has a more penetration depth in all regions of the root of the dentinal tubules.

Background: Microbial irritation is the major etiologic cause of pulp and periapical lesions. Therefore the main goal of endodontic treatment is complete elimination or inimizing acteria with chemo-mechanical preparation. Calcium HYDROXIDE is one of the chemical substances, which are used, in endodontic treatment and its antimicrobial effect on various bacteria has extensively has been studied and researched. Recently Gutta-percha point containing calcium HYDROXIDE has been offered to dentistry.The purpose this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of this substance in infected root canals.Material and Methods: In this study ninty extracted human maxillary central incisors, which had been extracted to various reasons, were selected. After canal preparation and root sterilization, all the samples (excluding 10 negative control samples) were contaminated by bacillus subtillis. Then these eighty roots were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were 10 roots as positive control group (non medicated), 35 roots medicated with Gutta-percha point containing calcium HYDROXIDE as group A, 35 roots medicated with calcium HYDROXIDE as group B. after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days in these three groups , antimicrobial effect was assessed.Result: The result showed no significant difference (p=0.35) between antimicrobial effect of Gutta-percha point containing calcium HYDROXIDE and calcium HYDROXIDE past.Conclusion: Since there is no significant difference between antimicrobial effect of Gutta-percha point containing calcium HYDROXIDE and calcium HYDROXIDE past, it seems that the usage of this product as an intracanal medication should be more investigated.

Vanadium silicates such as V-Al-analcime, V-analcime, V-magediite and VZSM- 11 were synthesized using vanadium pentoxide or vanadyl sulfates. Vanadium silicates with analcime structure with and without aluminum (V-Alanalcime, V-analcime) were prepared as pure phase by hydrothermal crystallization from a gel with molar composition of (1 SiO2; 0.2 V2O5; 1 Na2O; 0.034 Al2O3; 35.7 H2O) and (1 SiO2; 1 Na2O; 5.3×10-3 V2O5; 34.7 H2O) at 130°C in 72 h respectively. XRD and SEM results showed that, although these two have similar XRD patterns, their morphologies were completely different. The new magediite with and without aluminum was also prepared as pure phase by hydrothermal crystallization. Vanadium silicate with ZSM-11 structure was synthesized by sodium silicate, tetrabutylammonium HYDROXIDE (TBAOH) and V2O5 or VOSO4.nH2O. The structures obtained are stable up to 700°C. The role of tetrabutylammonium HYDROXIDE (TBAOH), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM chloride (TEACl) and triethanolamine (TENA) were studied. The results showed that although TBAOH and TBABr had essential role on V-ZSM-11 formation, TEACl led to the formation of a mixture of VZSM- 11 and V-magediite. Effect of time and temperature were also studied.